A Serious Head Injury Is Not Always Readily Apparent
You’re driving to work with a colleague, taking your usual route, mindful of the other cars and pedestrians that make up daily traffic in your neighborhood. Suddenly, you’re broad-sided by a speeding sports car that came out of nowhere . . . or, stopped at a red light, you are unexpectedly rear-ended by a SUV.
You hit the steering wheel, and your passenger hits the windshield.
Everyone’s first instinct when a motor vehicle accident happens is to ask, “Are you all right?” You check for obvious injuries: Is anyone unconscious? Can you move your arms and legs? Are you or your passenger bleeding?
When no one appears injured, you breathe a sigh of relief: Everyone’s okay.
But sometimes everyone is not okay. You or your passenger may have suffered a traumatic brain injury (TBI) that is not obvious, and immediate treatment may make a difference.
While federal agencies such as the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration compile statistics on motor vehicle accidents and the number of people killed or injured, there is no national database that specifically quantifies head injuries and resulting traumatic brain injuries. Here are some things we do know, however, from government statistics, neuroscientists, and consumer safety studies:
- Millions of people suffer head injuries each year, most of which are minor because of the protection the skull provides the brain. The symptoms of these minor injuries usually – but not always – disappear on their own.
- Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of all head injuries. These accidents cause about 28% of traumatic brain injuries; sports injuries cause another estimated 20%. Other common causes are household falls and physical assaults.
- Traffic accidents account for half (49%) of the 500,000 head injuries serious enough to require hospitalization each year. Altogether, traumatic brain injuries cause about a third (34%) of all injury deaths in the United States.
- There is increasing scientific evidence that brain damage can be caused by head injuries even when there has been no loss of consciousness. The result can be not only long-term physical disability, but emotional, intellectual, and social trauma. Just in the last few years, National Football League studies and Congressional hearings have documented these symptoms among professional football players who have suffered concussions, and some of them have committed suicide.
If you wonder how a bump on the head can lead to major brain injury, think of it this way: In a moving car struck by another moving car, in a split second your brain goes from the car speed to zero.
We learned in science class how complex the human brain is, directing all of our thoughts and actions from this tiny control center in our head. So it’s not surprising that so many things can go wrong when the brain is subjected to severe trauma, especially one inflicted at high speed.
Generally, head injuries are classified as either open or closed:
- Open head injuries are those incurred when an object fractures and goes into the skull. In a traffic accident, for example, this can happen when a driver or passenger goes through the windshield.
- A closed head injury is one where an accident or object causes a strong blow to the head, but the skull is not broken. For example, this could happen to a driver who hits the steering wheel or another hard component of a car.
If you suffer either kind of head injury, there is a very real possibility of long-term brain damage. That’s why immediate diagnosis and treatment are so important.
One serious consequence of head injury is brain contusion, or bruising, which happens when the brain’s soft tissue is squashed against the hard skull. Blood may collect on the surface of the brain, called subdural hematoma. Subarachnoid hemorrhage is bleeding between the brain and the tissues that cover the brain. Large amounts of blood can cause areas of the brain to stop working, and can result in permanent brain damage.
These kinds of serious brain injuries can cause coma; chronic headaches; loss of sensation, hearing, vision, taste, or smell; paralysis; seizures; or speech and language problems.
Perhaps the most common kind of traumatic brain injury is a concussion, a closed-head injury that occurs when the brain is shaken back and forth in the skull by the impact of, for example, a motor vehicle accident. In addition to car accidents, such head injuries can occur during a slip and fall, when one’s head hits the ground. A concussion can be mild or severe, resulting in short-term loss of consciousness or a longer-term coma.
Repeated concussions can lead to long-term lingering symptoms which include grogginess, headaches, fatigue, and more.
A concussion often appears to be less dangerous than an injury where the skull is obviously fractured or bruised. But appearances can be dangerously deceptive.
Concussions have been in the spotlight recently because doctors and scientists have documented long-term brain damage in athletes who suffered concussions on the football field and in other sports. It is not uncommon for athletes to be knocked unconscious for a few seconds or even a few minutes, then return to the game, presumably unharmed.
Many a parent has visited the hospital emergency room with a child who has fallen off a bicycle or scooter, been hit with a bat in a Little League game, or banged her head while roughhousing with brothers and sisters. Most leave the hospital with a warning to keep a close watch for a concussion, especially if the child should lose consciousness or seem unusually drowsy.
It is true that most people with concussions recover quickly and fully. However, recent studies indicate that a seemingly “innocent” concussion can cause long-term memory loss and cognitive difficulties.
Just because you don’t lose consciousness doesn’t mean you’re in the clear. You could still have a TBI that leads to permanent brain damage.
If you have hit your head in a car accident, don’t be tempted to dismiss the possibility of a traumatic brain injury without being checked by a medical professional. You should get medical help immediately if you or anyone else in the accident:
- Becomes drowsy
- Behaves abnormally
- Has a stiff neck
- Develops a severe headache
- Loses consciousness – even briefly
- Vomits
As explained below, failing to seek immediate care can result in the victim(s) of an accident not receiving the compensation which they deserve.
According to the National Institutes of Health Medline Plus ®, you require emergency treatment if you have any of the following symptoms:
- Loss of consciousness or drowsiness
- Convulsions
- Impaired hearing, smell, taste, or vision
- Clear or bloody fluid running from your nose, ears, or mouth
- Changes in size of your pupils
- Skull fracture or swelling, or scalp wound
- Facial fracture or bruising
- Inability to move arms or legs or lack of coordination
- Low blood pressure or rate of breathing
- Severe headache or stiff neck
- Slurred speech or blurred vision
- Vomiting
- Confusion or irritability
You should seek immediate medical care even if you are not showing symptoms of a serious head injury or TBI
If you have suffered any type of meaningful blow to the head, rather from a car accident or from some other incident, then you should seek medical care immediately. This includes not refusing care which is offered at the scene of an accident. Failing to seek or accept immediate care can limit the amount of damages which you may recover for the incident.
If you do not immediately obtain medical care after a blow to the head then the defendant can claim that you suffered some other form of injury in between the time of the incident at issue and the time you received medical care. This means, essentially, that the defense will be claiming that your injuries were caused by something other than the accident at issue. If the jury believes such a claim, then you may not be able to recover damages for the accident. Consider the following example- Joe is backing out of a space in a parking garage when he is hit from behind by someone attempting to pull into the spot. Joe’s head hits the steering wheel, but he believes that he is fine; his head is bruised but he is not bleeding. Law enforcement arrives and cites the other driver. Joe’s car is towed to a body shop. The officers ask Joe if he needs care, and he states that he is fine. He then goes home.
Over the next few days, Joe’s vision becomes blurry and he begins to suffer headaches. He goes to the doctor and, after multiple examinations, it is shown that Joe has a concussion and the symptoms are lingering. Now several weeks after the accident, Joe retains an attorney. The defense claims that Joe must have hit his head at home, or in some other way, in between the garage accident and the time he went to the doctor. Due to this claim, the defendant’s insurance company makes a lowball offer which Joe does not wish to accept. The case then goes to a trial and the jury believes the defense argument that if Joe were injured, he would have gone to the doctor immediately. The jurors find that the accident was likely not the cause of Joe’s head trauma and they award him nothing.
It is important to remember that how the jury will rule, in any given situation, will always depend on the facts of the case. The foregoing example illustrates, however, the possible consequences of not seeking immediate care after a head injury, even if you believe nothing is wrong.
If you or a family member has suffered a head injury or other serious injury in a car accident, the attorneys at Searcy Denney Scarola Barnhart & Shipley are available to discuss your rights to recourse through the justice system. For a free initial consultation with one of our attorneys, just complete the Contact Form or call us at 800-780-8607 to arrange an appointment.
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